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The most used model in management theory is the model of the bell curve, or a Gaussian distribution.  If one were to study for an MBA anywhere in the world, one of the first things taught would be statistical control based upon a bell curve.  Managers learn that the world consists of Gaussian distributions, and that one can safely ignore the occurrence of things or events past the second or third standard deviation.  In theory, if one understands the bell curve, they understand how the world works.  It’s an interesting reduction.  It’s clearly a way of reducing the world in order to achieve an illusion of the ability to cope, and …. it’s dead wrong.