Let us begin by describing some of the characteristics that people attribute to the world we live in.   It is not an all-inclusive list, and its components may actually conflict with one another, but people use each of these descriptions in describing the world. To some, the world is God-given, fixed and stable.  To others, it is slowly evolving.  To still others, it is alterable by man … filled with the unpredictable, emergent, chaotic or random. What Kind of World Do We Live In? 

·        God Given, Fixed and Stable·         Slowly Evolving·        Alterable by Man·         Filled With the Unpredictable·         Emergent·         Chaotic·         Random   

This list can be separated into categories.  These categories are distinguishable on the basis of the models that we use to simplify reality.   To managers, to people concerned with organizations, the list breaks down such that they are most comfortable with the top four items.  The world might be God-given, fixed and stable.  Maybe it’s slowly evolving.  Clearly, if something happens it’s alterable by man.   The challenge of management, the thing they hate the most, is that it’s filled with the unpredictable. Complexity theory suggests that the bottom four elements seem to be more applicable. The emergent, chaotic and random can be added to “filled with the unpredictable”.  There is thus a divergence here between what complexity theory suggests is important and what managers believe is important.   Remember, this difference is not about truth claims.  It is about how we cope with reality.